Nelson Mandela, born 1918.

1918. Russia’s Czar Nicholas II, his wife and their five children were executed by the Bolsheviks.

“The Catcher in the Rye” published in 1951.

Anthony “Spud” Webb, 1963.

The Rolling Stones played their first-ever gig at London’s Marquee Club in 1962.

In 1960, the novel “To Kill a Mockingbird” by Harper Lee was first published by J.B. Lippincott and Co.

2011. South Sudan became the world’s newest nation early Saturday, officially breaking away from Sudan after two civil wars over five decades that cost the lives of at least 2 million people.

Jack Lambert, 1952.

Marc Chagall, born in 1887.

Jan Hus, burned at the stake in 1415 for heresies against the doctrines of the Catholic Church.